How is "overtaking speed" defined in aviation?

Overtaking speed in aviation is defined as the speed at which an aircraft may safely pass another aircraft in flight. This concept is essential for maintaining safe separation between aircraft, especially during climb, cruise, and descent phases of a flight. Overtaking speed ensures that a pilot can confidently close the distance to another aircraft and safely maneuver past it without risking collision or loss of control.

This speed takes into account various factors, such as the relative performance of both aircraft involved, their current flight paths, and the airspace environment. By adhering to specific overtaking speeds, pilots can manage their airspeed effectively to enhance safety and avoid potential conflicts with other air traffic.

The other options focus on specific aspects of flight that don't pertain to the action of passing another aircraft. For instance, takeoff speed relates to the speed at which an aircraft can become airborne, maximum speed during descent pertains to the descent phase of flight, and landing approach speed is vital for a safe landing. However, these concepts are distinct from the definition of overtaking speed.