What primarily determines the center of gravity (CG) of an aircraft?

The center of gravity (CG) of an aircraft is primarily determined by the distribution of weight within the aircraft. The CG is the point where the total weight of the aircraft is considered to act, and it is crucial for the stability and control of the aircraft during flight. When the weight is distributed unevenly, it can lead to a change in the CG, affecting how the aircraft handles.

Factors that influence the distribution of weight include the position of the payload (cargo and passengers), the configuration of the aircraft (such as the locations of the engines and wings), and any additional equipment on board. Understanding the significance of weight distribution is essential for pilots and engineers, as improper balance can result in adverse flight characteristics and complicate maneuverability.

While the length of the aircraft, the type of fuel used, and the position of passengers can have effects on overall performance, they do not primarily determine the CG. The critical factor is how weight is spread throughout the aircraft, as that directly impacts stability and control moments.